This introduces Old Turkic texts (8th to 14th century) in nine scripts: 1) runiform; 2) Sogdian; 3) Uyghur; 4) Brahmi; 5) Syriac; 6) Manichean; 7) Chinese characters; 8) Square ('Phags-pa) Script; and 9) Tibetan script. The course also covers the Turkic language of the Karakhanid Empire (also called Middle Turkic).